Prebiotics, a specific category of soluble fibers and a special type of indigestible carbohydrates, play a crucial role in promoting gut health and overall well-being. They selectively promote the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacterial species in the gut, contributing to a positive impact on the host's health.
Naturally occurring in a variety of foods, including fiber-rich sources like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, well-known prebiotics include substances such as inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and resistant starch. These special carbohydrates are not broken down by human digestive enzymes and therefore reach the colon unchanged, where they are fermented by the local microbiome.
Especially in infant nutrition, the importance of prebiotics is underscored by the composition of breast milk. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a natural form of prebiotics in breast milk, specifically promote the growth of health-promoting bacteria such as Bifidobacteria. This supports the development of a healthy microbiome and is essential for immune development in infants.
To mimic the benefits of HMOs, especially when breastfeeding is not possible, FOS and GOS are often added to infant formulas. These additions aim to promote a similar microbiome in non-breastfed infants to support their health development.
The functions of prebiotics include:
Promoting a healthy microbiome through the nutrition of probiotic bacteria, supporting the balance of the gut microbiota.
Improving gut health by strengthening the intestinal barrier and reducing the risk of digestive disorders.
Immunomodulation through a healthy microbiome supported by prebiotics.
The synthesis of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids through the gut fermentation of prebiotics, which offer numerous health benefits.
Prebiotics in the diet, whether through natural foods or as supplements, are crucial for promoting a healthy microbiome and overall well-being. They are particularly valuable in infant nutrition to partially replace the benefits of breast milk, especially for non-breastfed infants.
