Bifidobacterium is one of the dominant bacteria in the gut of breastfed infants and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of this delicate ecosystem. Here are some of the outstanding properties and functions of Bifidobacterium:
- Versatile food sources: Unlike many other bacteria, Bifidobacterium can break down a variety of milk oligosaccharides. This means it can feed not only on the complex sugars in breast milk but also on those found in conventional infant formulas.
- Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): Bifidobacterium produces SCFAs, especially acetate and lactate, when fermenting prebiotic fibers. These fatty acids play a crucial role in maintaining gut health, as they strengthen the intestinal barrier, reduce inflammation, and serve as an energy source for the intestinal cells.
- Supporting the immune system: Bifidobacterium has the ability to modulate the immune system. It can promote the production of certain immune cells, such as regulatory T-cells, which prevent excessive immune response and thus can contribute to the prevention of allergies and autoimmune diseases.
- Competition with pathogens: The presence of Bifidobacterium can help inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. It competes with these harmful bacteria for nutrients and attachment sites on the intestinal wall, reducing the risk of infections.
- Tolerance to stomach acid: Bifidobacterium is relatively resistant to the acidic environment in the stomach, allowing it to reach the intestine in a live state and work effectively there.
In summary, Bifidobacterium is an essential component of the microbiome of infants and contributes significantly to maintaining gut health through its diverse positive effects. It not only plays a role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients but also supports the immune system and protects against harmful microorganisms.
